The table below shows a summary of the occurrence records for the taxon. A record “with Lat/Long” is one that has a complete set of latitude and longitude values associated with it, which could be used for distribution modeling and the conservation gap analysis. In preparation for the conservation gap analyses, we classified each record based on whether it was an existing ex situ germplasm sample from a genebank or botanic garden (labeled G, as most records were from genebanks), or a reference observation/voucher specimen (labeled H, as most of these records were from herbaria).
The map below shows the median, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of potential distribution model runs, as well as the predicted presence threshold distribution. The predicted presence threshold distribution was generated by applying a statistically determined threshold value to the median model distribution, and is used in the conservation gap analysis as the potential distribution model. The occurrences used in the modeling process are represented by dots, distinguishing between ex situ germplasm collection (G) and reference sightings/voucher specimens (H, for herbaria) records (as available), and the attribute data associated with the points can be viewed by clicking on the dots. The semi-transparent gray background reflects the native country-ecoregion area.
Layers can be added to the map using the toggle buttons on the left side. The first layer turned on will be in the bottom position on the map.
For each taxon with at least 25 distinct coordinates in the target spatial area, the modeled distribution was calculated as the median of ten MaxEnt model replicates (K = 10), using linear, quadratic, product, and hinge features, with a regularization parameter ß=1.0. For taxa with 8-24 distinct coordinates, the median of six replicates (K = 6) was calculated, and for taxa with 3-7 distinct coordinates, the median of three replicates (K = 3) was calculated. Model runs for taxa where MaxEnt failed within these established groupings were rerun in fewer replicate categories. Taxa with fewer than 3 distinct coordinates were not modeled. The table below shows the statistical results for each replicate.
The table below shows the ecogeographic variables listed in order of importance based on the occurrence dataset, including whether or not they were used for distribution modeling, following the variable selection process. Bioclimatic predictors are from WorldClim2. Topographic, wind speed and solar radiation predictors were generated by CIAT DAPA and can be made available upon request.
The table below shows the ex situ conservation gap analysis summary. The sampling representativeness score ex situ (SRS ex situ) calculates the ratio of germplasm accessions (G) available in ex situ repositories to reference/voucher (H) records for each taxon, making use of all compiled records, regardless of whether they include coordinates. The geographical representativeness score ex situ (GRS ex situ) uses buffers of 50 km radius created around each G collection coordinate point to estimate geographic areas already well collected within the distribution models of each taxon, and then calculates the proportion of the distribution model covered by these buffers. The ecological representativeness score ex situ (ERS ex situ) calculates the proportion of terrestrial ecoregions represented within the G buffered areas out of the total number of ecoregions occupied by the distribution model. A final conservation score for ex situ (FCS ex situ) was derived by calculating the average of the three ex situ conservation metrics. All of the conservation metrics are on a scale from 0-100, with 0 = poor state of conservation and 100 = comprehensive conservation. The FCS ex situ is used to categorize species, with urgent priority (UP) for further conservation action assigned when FCS ex situ < 25, high priority (HP) where 25 ≤ FCS ex situ < 50, medium priority (MP) where 50 ≤ FCS ex situ < 75, and low priority (LP) for taxa whose FCS ex situ ≥75
The GRS ex situ map feature shows the potential distribution model, with previous ex situ germplasm collection points surrounded by a 50 km buffer overlaid. Only germplasm (G) points are displayed on the map.
The ERS ex situ map feature shows ecoregions within the potential distribution model from which no ex situ germplasm collections have been made. The ecoregion extent has been clipped to be within the potential distribution model of the taxon.There are many cases where the ecoregion area within the potential distribution model extent is very small (e.g., less than 5 cells). Utilize the “All ecoregions” layer and the ERS ex situ legend to help locate these areas.
The table below shows all the ecoregions utilized within the study.
The column ERS ex situ gap ecoregion denotes (True) if an ecoregion overlaps with the potential distribution model but is farther than 50 km from any ex situ conservation occurrence, and is thus considered a gap in ex situ conservation
The table below shows the in situ conservation gap analysis summary. The sampling representativeness score in situ (SRS in situ) calculates the proportion of all occurrences of a taxon within its predicted distribution that fall within a protected area. The geographical representativeness score in situ (GRS in situ) compares the area (in km2) of the potential distribution model located within protected areas versus the total area of the model. The ecological representativeness score in situ (ERS in situ) calculates the proportion of ecoregions encompassed within the range of the taxon located inside protected areas to the ecoregions encompassed within the total area of the potential distribution model. A final conservation score for in situ (FCS in situ) was derived by calculating the average of the three in situ conservation metrics. All of the conservation metrics are on a scale from 0-100, with 0 = poor state of conservation and 100 = comprehensive conservation. The FCS in situ is used to categorize taxa, with urgent priority (UP) for further conservation action assigned when FCS in situ < 25, high priority (HP) where 25 ≤ FCS in situ < 50, medium priority (MP) where 50 ≤ FCS in situ < 75, and low priority (LP) for taxa whose FCS in situ ≥75.
The SRS in situ map feature shows occurrences within the
potential distribution that are outside of protected areas. Values are
summarized by count per cell. The GRS in situ map feature shows the
potential distribution, with distribution occurring within existing
protected areas in purple and that outside of protected areas in green.
The ERS in situ map features shows ecoregions within the potential
distribution model that have no protected areas.There are many cases
where the ecoregion area within the potential distribution model extent
is very small (e.g., less than 5 cells). Utilize the “All ecoregions”
layer and the ERS in situ legend to help locate these areas.
The table below shows all the ecoregions overlapping the potential distribution model of the taxon, indicating which do not overlap with a protected area (ERS in situ gap ecoregion = True)
The column ’ERS in situ gap ecoregion denotes (TRUE) if an ecoregion overlaps with the potential distribution model but none of that area is within a protected area.
This table displays all conservation gap analysis scores, providing a comparison of the ex situ and in situ scores
This figure displays all conservation gap analysis scores, providing a comparison of the ex situ and in situ scores
Note: Score values of zero will not appear on the chart.
Ex situ : The Sampling Representativeness Score ex situ (SRS ex situ) calculates the ratio of germplasm accessions (G) available in ex situ repositories to reference/voucher (H) records for each taxon, making use of all compiled records irrespective of whether they include coordinates.
In situ : The Sampling Representativeness Score in situ (SRS in situ) calculates the proportion of all occurrences of a taxon within its native range that fall within a protected area.
Ex situ : The Geographic Representativeness Score ex situ (GRS ex situ) uses 50-km-radius buffers created around each G collection coordinate point to estimate geographic areas already well collected within the potential distribution models of each taxon and then calculates the proportion of the potential distribution model covered by these buffers.
In situ : The Geographic Representativeness Score in situ (GRS in situ) compares the area (in km2) of the potential distribution model located within protected areas versus the total area of the model.
Ex situ : The Ecological Representativeness Score ex situ (ERS ex situ) calculates the proportion of terrestrial ecoregions represented within the G buffered areas out of the total number of ecoregions occupied by the potential distribution model.
In situ : The Ecological Representativeness Score in situ (ERS in situ) calculates the proportion of ecoregions encompassed within the range of the taxon located inside protected areas to the ecoregions encompassed within the total area of the potential distribution model.
Ex situ : The Final Conservation Score ex situ (FCS ex situ) was derived by calculating the average of the three ex situ conservation metrics.
In situ : The Final Conservation Score in situ (FCS in situ) in was derived by calculating the average of the three in situ conservation metrics.
FCSc-mean : The Combined Final Conservation Score (FCSc-mean) was calculated for each taxon by averaging its final FCS ex situ and FCS in situ scores.
Taxa were further categorized with regard to the two conservation strategies as well as in combination, with Urgent Priority (UP) for further conservation action assigned when FCS < 25, High Priority (HP) assigned when 25 ≤ FCS < 50, Medium Priority (MP) when 50 ≤ FCS < 75, and Low Priority (LP) when FCS ≥75.
Occurrences : The total number of observations and ex situ collections records for the taxon that were evaluated for use within the study.
Occurrences with lat/long: The total number of observations that had a valid latitude and longitude pair and were used for spatial analysis. Non valid latitude longitude pairs included but were not limited to points not on land masses, and records with only one of the two values present.
Germplasm Records (G) : Occurrences in which a living sample (typically a live plant or seed) is present in an ex situ conservation system (i.e., botanical garden, seed bank, genebank, etc.).
Reference/voucher Records (H) : Occurrences that have a supporting herbarium or other reference record.
Unique Data Sources: The number of unique database sources from which occurrences of the taxon were gathered.